Saturday, January 17, 2009

中日研究﹕英文學術期刊 Sino-Japanese Studies






很高興知道Joshua Fogel教授終於重刊他創辦的《中日研究》(Sino-Japanese Studies),而且把已經發表過的論文全部放上網上讓人自由使用。有興趣的朋友可以瀏覽 http://chinajapan.org/

互聯網使學術研究方便了許多。以前要特意跑到大學圖書館找資料,而且一些比較偏門的期刊又不容易找到,尤其中日關係的研究在西方學術界不算是顯學,只有規模比較大的大學才能找到《中日研究》。例如,我在多倫多大學的圖書館也找不到《中日研究》這個期刊。所以,要找一篇發表在《中日研究》的文章作為參考也比較麻煩。現在在網上可以閱覽這些文章,對中日關係研究者真是一個喜訊!

我同Fogel教授雖然不是深交,但卻有好幾次近距離的接觸。最主要是因為他自2005年離開美國加州大學聖塔芭芭拉分校,轉至加拿大約克大學(York University,Toronto)教書,碰巧我在2006年有一整年在約克大學做講師,而且辦公室剛好在Fogel教授隔壁,所以有幸認識這位在中日關係研究的大師級人物。

在英語的學術界,他是把中日關係研究做得最好的一位學者。其成名作是研究日本漢學者內藤湖南(Naito Konan)的研究。他也編輯了英語第一本認真研究南京大屠殺的論文集。我相信,所有用英語書寫中日關係的學者都應該會認識這位前輩,而且,有好幾位年青學者都得到他的協助和提拔。希望這次透過學術期刊的重刊,我們能接觸到更多有關中日關係方面的好文章。

Announcing the relaunch of Sino-Japanese Studies online

For fifteen years Sino-Japanese Studies (1988-2003) was published in hardform and distributed throughout the world. It was the only journal of its kind in content, bringing together Chinese and Japanese studies -- irrespective of discipline or time period. The relaunched journal will be available open access online and will continue to be the only journal of its kind. It will contain original, refereed articles, translations, reviews, and news from the field.

Interested readers and contributors may find further details on making submissions to the journal as well as access the full online archive of back-issues at:http://chinajapan.org/ISSN 1041-8830

They may also contact the editor directly.Joshua Fogel (fogel at yorku.ca), editorKonrad M. Lawson (konrad at lawson.net), web technician

Sunday, January 11, 2009

能源之爭?中日第九次戰略對話



東海油氣田的發展問題是中日第九次戰略對話的主要議題。日本認為中國最近「單方面」開發天外天油氣田,但中方卻認為那是在沒有爭議性的海域開發。雙方各執一辭,顯然大家對哪裡是中日海洋邊界的「中間線」還沒有一個共識。會後,雙方同意共同開發的大原則沒有改變,但討論共同開發的會議的時間表則沒有下文。

看來,現階段雙方在能源發展合作方面有共識,但實際合作進展緩慢。最近中國派遣軍艦至索馬里海域保護商船免受海盜滋擾,對日本一定形成某種心理上的壓力。當然,中國不願意把自己塑造成一個「霸權」國家的形象,在國際事務上,胡溫的策略都是以戰略合作伙伴的互利形式在進行。但即使只談經濟和文化交流,也不能代表可以忽略海域安全的問題。經濟的全球化必然要求有相應的海防及海洋軍事實力予以支援。派遣軍艦至索馬里就是很好的例子。但是,即使是索馬里的事件,也是在國際「鼓勵」下才行動的。

所以,即使中國派遣海軍至索馬里看來是一個「海洋中國」在擴張勢力,但現今的日本卻早已不是明治維新時代的那種軍國主義國家。




我們記得,那時日本的反應是過分「高估」中國﹕中日甲午戰爭以前,1886年8月,李鴻章帶領的北洋水師(參考http://www.beiyang.org/)派遣了德國伏爾鏗造船廠建造的炮塔鐵甲鑑,有東洋第一堅鑑之稱的「鎮遠號」,以及其他三艘軍艦到日本長崎作親善訪問,但卻給日本人看到滿清船員喝醉酒生事的一幕。一方面,日本人對鎮遠的「偉大」恨之入骨,遂變成了日本軍人的假想敵。另外,又看到滿清軍人全無紀律的事實,所以暗自慶幸滿清政府只注重外表好大喜功,卻沒有真的訓練精良的軍人。

現在回想那段歷史,發覺中國政府已經學會了「韜光養晦」的道理,尤其在軍事上的行動都保持自律。這或許也是因為政府也清楚,未來20年中國社會的發展,必須在社會政治穩定的大前提下才能看見成果。任何不能協助經濟發展的軍事行動,都不會容易獲得中央政府的支持。

也就是說,日本現在看中國的軍事活動,一定比較務實和中肯,更不會認為中國就會因為爭奪東海的能源資源而貿然動用大量軍事資源。同時,中國當然也意識到,日本右派勢力雖然常常高呼「日本國正常化」,其實那離開軍國主義復闢不知道有多麼遙遠。現在任何政黨組成的日本內閣都不可能以軍事擴張作為解決國內經濟社會問題的手段。

因此,中日能源之爭看來會走一條商業合作的路線。這樣,中國和日本都不需要無謂地暴露自己實質的社會政治問題。
(下面是有關戰略對話的報道)
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中日在東京舉行第九次戰略對話 達成廣泛共識
http://www.chinareviewnews.com 2009-01-10 14:51:41
中評社香港1月10日電/中國外交部副部長王光亞與日本外務省事務次官藪中三十二9日在東京舉行第九次中日戰略對話。雙方就中日關係以及重大國際和地區問題坦誠、深入、務實地交換了意見,達成廣泛共識。   

新華網報道,雙方一致認為,在當前國際形勢下,中日作為在亞洲和世界上有重要影響的國家,要在雙邊、地區和全球性問題上加強溝通、協調與合作,推動中日戰略互惠關係在新的一年取得新的發展,為亞洲和世界的和平、穩定與發展作出貢獻。   

當天,王光亞還分別會見了日本外相中曾根弘文以及自民黨、民主黨和公明黨領導人。


昨天,中國外交部副部長王光亞和日本外務省次官藪中三十二分別率團參加中日第九次戰略對話。 新華社圖

中日對話 王光亞:中方開發天外天毫無問題
http://www.chinareviewnews.com 2009-01-10 10:39:43

昨天,中國外交部副部長王光亞和日本外務省次官藪中三十二分別率團參加中日第九次戰略對話。
中評社北京1月10日電/昨日,中日第九次戰略對話在日本東京舉行,中國外交部副部長王光亞和日本外務省事務次官藪中三十二分別率團參加。雙方確認將加速東海油氣田開發磋商,但具體磋商日程未定。王光亞在對話中再次強調,中方對“天外天”油氣田的開發是行使中方固有的權利,毫無問題。   東方早報報道,戰略對話結束後,王光亞還同日本外務大臣中曾根弘文舉行了會談,雙方亦就加速東海油氣田開發磋商達成一致意見。
中日戰略對話在日本外務省飯倉公館內舉行。東海油氣田開發成為對話的主要議題。日本媒體報道稱,通過對話,雙方再次確認將加速關於簽署具體開發條約的事務級別磋商。不過在昨天的戰略對話上,磋商的具體開始時間及日程并未敲定。   
而此間日方一直存有異議的中方對“天外天”油田的單獨開發問題昨天亦是主要討論議題之一。對話中,藪中三十二再次對此提出抗議。藪中稱,“在達成協議之前,中方應當停止開發。”對此,王光亞給予了反駁。王光亞再次強調了中方在此事上的立場,“中方對有關油氣田進行開發活動是行使中方固有的權利,毫無問題。”去年6月,中日兩國就共同開發東海相關區域油氣田達成協議。   
除東海共同開發事宜之外,雙方還就輸日餃子問題、中國軍費透明化以及朝核六方會談問題交換了意見。

Saturday, January 3, 2009

香港大學中、日、韓、朝關係研討會

香港大學日本研究系將於2009年5月舉辦中國、日本、韓國、朝鮮關係研討會。有興趣在大會發表論文的可以把論文大綱寄往港大日本研究系。下面是詳細的資料。

二次世界大戰後,兩韓關係一直是影響東亞以至世界穩定的重要因素,對中日關係尤為重要。正如下面研討會簡介中所提及,中日兩國在最近十多年來經歷了眾多的分歧,包括1995中國的核測試,台獨問題,釣魚台主權紛爭,東海油田的開發,以及中日歷史問題。但是,兩韓穩定卻是中日兩國共同關心及所樂見的事情。

期望這次會議的成果對中日關係的研究有所裨益。

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Call For Papers : 'The Koreas between Japan and China',

HKU Department of Japanese Studies Sino-Japanese Relations Research Symposium 2009 (II) Council Chamber, HKU 26-27 May 2009

Call For Papers

The Koreas between Japan and China-------------------------------------------------------------

The trajectory of Sino-Japanese relations over the past decade has left many concerned scholars and policymakers wondering if there could be any issue of strategic importance that Japan and China can agree upon. These two East Asian giants have disagreed on almost every single issue that has cropped up between them in the past decade –China's nuclear tests in 1995; the Taiwanese independence movement and the Taiwanese straits crisis in 1995/6; the annual disputes over Senkaku/Diaoyutai islands; the demarcation of their sea border; sovereignty and drilling rights in East China Sea from 1999 onwards inaddition to a host of issues to do with history, ranging from textbooks to apologies. Given the volatile political nature of Sino-Japanese relations in the past decade, it is difficult to perceive how Sino-Japanese relations can move concretely beyond diplomatic niceties to substantive co-operation on items of significant strategic importance.

There is however emerging consensus in the literature that there exists one issue that China and Japan do not have significant differences over – that is the security situation on the Korean Peninsula. Technically, North and South Korea are still at war. Their 1953 ceasefire has produced an abnormal situation as the uneasy tension belies the facade of peace and tranquility on the Peninsula and the general prosperity in Northeast Asia continues to build up. North Korea has shown that it is increasingly willing to disrupt this fragile peace with its nuclear belligerence throughout the 1990s; it's firing of the Taedopong-1 missile over Japan and its incursions into South Korea. Almost two decades have passed since the Berlin wall collapsed, but all the predictions of the Communist regime of Kim Jung-Il imploding have not materialized, and Kim Daejung's sunshine diplomacy seems to have had little effect. On the other side of the 38th parallel, South Korea has spent a disproportionate amount of resources preparing for the reunification across all scenarios – for a collapse of the regime in North Korea to reunification with a "one country two systems" scenario; from a peaceful political settlement to all out war. At the same time, it has also ambivalently sent aid worth billions of won to North Korea annually.
In practical terms, any security scenario or political solution between the North and the South is never just the business of the two Koreas. Any negotiation, conflict or settlement will involve the greatpowers in the region – namely the US, China, Japan and Russia. Out ofthese four powers, China and Japan stand to be most affected by anysettlement as the Korean peninsula effectively straddles the strategic location between China and Japan. As such, they are intimately concerned as neither wishes to be dragged into a war started by Korean belligerence, South Korean aspirations or US adventurism. The situation of Korea thus brings the same critical salience to both China and Japan and hence, this is one of the most pressing issues which could upset both their developmental agenda and political aspirations.

The HKU Department of Japanese Studies is proud to present an international symposium to explore the role Japan and China play onthe Korean Peninsula, and in turn, how the Koreas affect Japanese and Chinese foreign policy-making. The organisers invite submissions from social scientists working in the field of East Asian International Relations and Security, Chinese, Japanese and US foreign policies andother related disciplines to re-evaluate and re-assess the current assumptions and thinking within the symposium theme. Some of the sub-themes that could be scrutinised are as follows:

1. The Korean War in historical perspective and the legacies of the War in wider East Asian International Relations.

2. China and Japan's major interests and concerns with regards to both South Korea and North Korea before and after the Cold War. How is the brinksmanship exhibited by the North today understood from Beijing's and Tokyo's perspective.

3. The state of China and Japan's current relations with North and South Korea, both at the governmental and "people to people" levels.

4. Japan and China's respective interests and concerns with regards to the potential reunification of Korea. How do their view their own role(especially with regards to the US) in the event of Korean reunification.

5. What are their cost and benefit analysis for each of the different scenarios for reunification, and how do the various countries viewthese scenarios:

a) Political Settlement by UN and/or Six-Party talks (US, Russia, China, Japan, North Korea and South Korea).
b)The Collapse of the North Korean regime either through the concerted efforts by external powers (US intervening covertly, PRC shutting down their own supplies and crippling their economy) or through internal means (a coup d'état by the Army).
c) Use of Force (by the US most likely).

6. Scenarios of Post reunification Korea and the implications for NEAsia, especially for Japan and China.

The organizers are keen to invite established academics, young scholars and concerned officials working in the field of Sino-JapaneseRelations for this two-day symposium.

The 2008 Conference (http://www.hku.hk/japanese/sino/) was relatively successful, in that the research proceedings of the conference are in the process of being published by a UK-based publisher in English and a China-based publisher in Chinese. The organizers hope to build on this success in 2009 by getting more scholars from the wider community involved, andhave the research outcome from the conference published as well, mostlikely in 2010. The book would be published in English in the first instance, and subsequently translated into Chinese and Japanese.
The organizers have to subject any applications/proposals to an internal peer review process before they can be accepted. Given limited resources, only a small number of proposals will be funded, and scholars are encouraged to source for partial and/or alternate funding to attend this meeting.

To Apply

We intend that the proceedings of the Symposium be published. We will therefore require participants to send us the title of their paper, a 200 word abstract and a short bio by the 10th Jan 2009. Please send the documents to hhsamuel@gmail.com with the subject line (The Koreas between China and Japan Conference). The organisers will require a draft "working" paper (not more than 7000 words) by the 15th April 2009 for inclusion into the Symposium pack. Participants will be given time to revise their paper after the conference before the proceedings could be submitted for the peer-reviewed volume. Please direct allacademic enquiries to Dr Victor Teo (mailto: victorteo@hku.hk), and logistical enquiries to Mr Samuel Wong hhsamuel@gmail.com .